The Right Term is Copyright Infringement
Tim O'Reilly
Dec. 13, 2002 11:28 AM
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One of the readers of my article, Piracy is Progressive Taxation sent me an email pointer to a great article on Phil Greenspun's site, which summarizes two legal cases in which copyright holders tried to equate copyright infringement with theft.
My favorite bit was the quote from Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun back in 1985, in Dowling v. the United States":
It follows that interference with copyright does not easily equate with theft, conversion or fraud. The Copyright Act even employs a separate term of art to define one who misappropriates a copyright: "Anyone who violates any of the exclusive rights of the copyright owner," that is, anyone who trespasses into his exclusive domain by using or authorizing the use of the copyrighted work in one of the five ways set forth in the statute, "is an infringer of the copyright."
In short, any time someone uses the term "piracy" or "theft" in the context of online file sharing, please remind them to use the correct legal term: "copyright infringement."
And that of course is the crux of today's issue. Just what are the boundaries of fair use? Someone has just bought a CD. Clearly, it's not right for them to manufacture and sell copies of the work. But it's clearly legitimate to copy it to another device (such as a tape, or a computer) for purposes of device-shifting. It's also legitimate to loan it to a friend. Where is the boundary between loaning it to a friend, who makes a copy so he or she can listen to it on another device, and copyright infringement? Is it OK if the person deletes the copy after they listen to it, and before they give it back? What if they just leave it on their hard disk and never listen to it again. What if they delete it but leave it in their computer's trash bin (so they still really have a copy)? Now imagine a CD that is commercially unavailable. Under the first sale doctrine, used works are still available, and all of the above can happen with absolutely no compensation to the artist. I could go on and on, creating more shades of grey.
We're in a period of great legal uncertainty, brought on by changes in technology. There was a time when it wasn't clear that it was legal to broadcast music over the radio; that was solved by compulsory licensing. Similarly, internet file sharing raises complex problems that we, as a society need to come to grips with.
Existing rights holders are lobbying for one solution (strong digital rights management, and criminalization of many activities that were formerly considered fair use. Others (like myself) are arguing for policies that will expand the market.
Once there are legitimate alternatives, I will be the first to urge everyone to use them, and to eschew infringing copies. But I think it's the height of foolishness to try to criminalize your customer rather than giving her what she wants.
Tim O'Reilly
is the founder and CEO of O'Reilly Media, Inc., thought by many to be the best computer book publisher in the world, and an
activist for open standards. O'Reilly Media also publishes online
through the O'Reilly Network and hosts
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Showing messages 1 through 19 of 19.
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ASCAP
2004-08-14 17:17:59
Music
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CDBaby/terryjames
2004-01-18 15:15:15
anonymous2
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Copyright Infringement
2004-01-18 14:43:10
anonymous2
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authors should hold copyright
2002-12-18 06:12:31
mentata
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authors should hold copyright
2004-01-18 15:09:27
anonymous2
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the benefit to mankind would be substantial
2002-12-17 12:36:50
anonymous2
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I've invented a matter replicator
2002-12-15 19:22:15
grepsedawk
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I've invented a matter replicator
2002-12-16 15:51:18
Tim O'Reilly
[Reply | View]
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I've invented a matter replicator
2002-12-16 18:13:11
grepsedawk
[Reply | View]
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I've invented a matter replicator
2005-01-24 10:11:47
GinEric
[Reply | View]
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I've invented a matter replicator
2002-12-16 01:27:22
simon_hibbs
[Reply | View]
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I've invented a matter replicator
2005-01-24 10:32:18
GinEric
[Reply | View]
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I've invented a matter replicator
2002-12-16 18:06:26
grepsedawk
[Reply | View]
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I've invented a matter replicator
2005-01-24 11:40:49
GinEric
[Reply | View]
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I've invented a matter replicator
2002-12-17 11:42:17
Tim O'Reilly
[Reply | View]
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I've invented a matter replicator
2003-12-02 04:09:46
anonymous2
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Re: I've invented a matter replicator
2002-12-15 19:37:52
jasontm
[Reply | View]
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The bigger picture..
2002-12-13 13:01:40
jasontm
[Reply | View]
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The bigger picture..
2005-01-24 09:55:35
GinEric
[Reply | View]
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Showing messages 1 through 19 of 19.
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more than $100,000.00 from me, Terry James. I am an ASCAP member. I wrote two songs, paid for
their entire production, and they were placed in the movie "Home Alone" without my consent.
"Be With You" and "You're Old Enough."
You don't find them in the credits because they were stolen and Hollywood doesn't advertise their acts of
theft or Copyright Infringement. Fox Films, John Hughes, Chris Columbus and others know this is true,
and unfortunately for them they fully documented it.
ASCAP is currently out of control. The Writer Members have no say nor any voice at ASCAP. They are
intentionally kept from corresponding with each other. All for the benefit of the publishers.
The details of this constitute a book and perhaps a volume of books. ASCAP actions rise to the level of
Racketeering under the R.I.C.O. law, and various other laws pertaining to Copyright Infringement,
Embezzlement, Money Laundering, and Mail Fraud. The F.B.I. will find a larger pool of criminals at
ASCAP than they ever found at Enron, using the same "Big Six" crooked accounting firms and the same
fraudulent "Creative Accounting" to fatten their bottom line.
Bergman and the other rich and famous board members know about this fraud and actively engage in
keeping it from the authorities.
Betrayal is the worst form of treason. And ASCAP betrays its Writer Members every day.
I'm about to file lawsuit against them an open an investigation that will make Enron look like a charitable
institution. In federal court, for Criminal Copyright Infringement by the rich and famous, not downloaders,
who ASCAP's RIAA board and members seem too overzealous in deflecting their own illegal activities.
I want to say this to downloaders: No record company, nor ASCAP, nor BMI, nor any other music
industry participant has a license for the reproduction of music on the Internet. It's very simple: because
each clause of a contract must specifically state which right under Copyright Law the Author is granting,
without a specific clause stating usage on the Internet, there is no contract for this right.
Which means, ASCAP and the RIAA do not have standing on Internet singlecast, broadcast, or multicast
of musical works; this covers downloading.
Their whole copyright infringement case log regarding the Internet thereby becomes null and void. They
must have the permission of the original Author, not just the copyright holder who is most often a label
with a specific contract, to participate in Copyright actions regarding relevant musical works.
I never gave them that right.
No Writer Member ever gave them that right.
And all rights not stipulated in contract remain with the Original Author, who also has the right to revoke
any license at his sole discretion.
The defense to downloading is that those suing don't have the right to enforce a non-existent contractual
clause to begin with.
And "perpetual" clauses and "any new technology or form of reproduction" are non-sequitar in that a right
cannot exist if the medium does not exist. These are merely the attempts of the publishers to steal rights
which they don't even know exist.
Because they have not bargained fairly for such rights, they do not exist.
Every contract ever written with songwriters therefore can and must be renegotiated.
One of the editors of a website, Levine, said that copyright law was written to protect publishers and
authors.
Copyright Law was, in fact, written to punish publishers who steal from the Authors. There are two words
in the U.S. Constitution in Article I Section 8 Clause 8, "Authors" and "Inventors" and no where is the
word "publisher" found.
Publishers were originally printers of manuscripts. They were equitable in that they split the profits with
the Authors 50/50.
When radio, movies, and records came along, all of that changed. None of these paid royalties, or
anything, to the Authors. Thus, Copyright Law was codified, again, to protect the Authors, not the
publishers.
ASCAP was originally founded to collect from Hollywood the royalties they refused to pay.
ASCAP later went crooked giving the publishers control of ASCAP.
Publishers are the record companies which are the labels which are the movie companies.
Which is Hollywood.
Every time the Authors tried to get paid, it was Hollywood and New York that stopped them, not the
consumers. The M.P.A.A. [now the M.P.A because the former was broken up as a monopoly which still
what the M.P.A. is], R.I.A.A., Harr Fox, N.M.P.A., ASCAP and BMI are one and the group of Hollywood
and New York board of directors. And that is exactly how they control the industry, just like the five
familes of the mafia.
As an Author and an artist, I side with Janis Ian and the people who want to download music. It benefits
the Author and artist in 500% increase in sales. But Hollywood and New York don't want this because
then they couldn't control who could make hit records and CD's.
And Hollywood goes back to Beverly Hills, while New York goes back to places like New Rochelle,
Rochester, and Westchester. Producers and Directors totally unwilling to pay for music. Instead, they
give away $100,000,000.00 to actors like Keanu Reeves, while Robert Redford just looks the other way
while Hollywood turns Sundance into the new Warner Bros. backlot.
The above refers to synch rights. Years ago, you got paid for every copy of a movie sold. Today, you
don't. And that's because the directors, producers, and stars now get your musical synch rights, not you,
the Author.
So, we're back to where we were before the Continental Congress wrote the U.S. Constitution and even
Senator Leahy is either too stupid or too blind or too paid off by ASCAP to change it.
The publishers, i.e., Hollywood and New York film industry, just blatantly use music stolen from Authors
and because they own and control all of the agencies like ASCAP and BMI, nothing can stop it but
another Senate Hearing on Hollywood and Beverly Hills corruption in the music industry.
So don't ever say that Copyright Law was written to protect publishers, it wasn't. It was written to
discipline publishers.
Just try to find anything on ASCAP or BMI as being indicted for copyright infringement. You can't even
find a negative about ASCAP, which says an aweful lot about their clout in the corporate owned search
engines.
But you will find that they were held as monopolies from 1941 until 2002 under the Consent Decree,
brought by the FTC.
Worse, ASCAP and BMI, along with the others, are racketeers [RICO], moneylaunders, embezzlers, and
the biggest organized crime syndicate involved in Copyright Infringement in history. The make Vito
Corleone look like the Pope!