O'Reilly Network: Shared and Platform-Specific Keywords: Appendix A

The following tables display the keywords in the ANSI standard, and in the four platform-specific implementations of SQL that are discussed in this book, with the Sybase Adaptive Server. The keyword tables appear in the following order:

Shared keywords
SQL2003 keywords
MySQL keywords
Oracle keywords
PostgreSQL keywords
SQL Server keywords

Table A.1. Shared keywords

`ADD`	`ALL`	`ALTER`	`AND`
`AS`	`ASC`	`BY`	`CHECK`
`COLUMN`	`CREATE`	`DATE`	`DEFAULT`
`DELETE`	`DESC`	`DROP`	`FOR`
`FROM`	`IN`	`INTO`	`IS`
`LIKE`	`NOT`	`NULL`	`ON`
`OR`	`ORDER`	`REVOKE`	`SELECT`
`SET`	`TABLE`	`THEN`	`TO`
`UNIQUE`	`UPDATE`	`WITH`

Table A.2. SQL2003 keywords

`ABSOLUTE`	`ACTION`	`ADD`	`ADMIN`
`AFTER`	`AGGREGATE`	`ALIAS`	`ALL`
`ALLOCATE`	`ALTER`	`AND`	`ANY`
`ARE`	`ARRAY`	`AS`	`ASC`
`ASSERTION`	`AT`	`ATOMIC`	`AUTHORIZATION`
`BEFORE`	`BEGIN`	`BIGINT`	`BINARY`
`BIT`	`BLOB`	`BOOLEAN`	`BOTH`
`BREADTH`	`BY`	`CALL`	`CASCADE`
`CASCADED`	`CASE`	`CAST`	`CATALOG`
`CHAR`	`CHARACTER`	`CHECK`	`CLASS`
`CLOB`	`CLOSE`	`COLLATE`	`COLLATION`
`COLLECT`	`COLUMN`	`COMMIT`	`COMPLETION`
`CONDITION`	`CONNECT`	`CONNECTION`	`CONSTRAINT`
`CONSTRAINTS`	`CONSTRUCTOR`	`CONTAINS`	`CONTINUE`
`CORRESPONDING`	`CREATE`	`CROSS`	`CUBE`
`CURRENT`	`CURRENT_DATE`	`CURRENT_PATH`	`CURRENT_ROLE`
`CURRENT_TIME`	`CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`	`CURRENT_USER`	`CURSOR`
`CYCLE`	`DATA`	`DATALINK`	`DATE`
`DAY`	`DEALLOCATE`	`DEC`	`DECIMAL`
`DECLARE`	`DEFAULT`	`DEFERRABLE`	`DELETE`
`DEPTH`	`DEREF`	`DESC`	`DESCRIPTOR`
`DESTRUCTOR`	`DIAGNOSTICS`	`DICTIONARY`	`DISCONNECT`
`DO`	`DOMAIN`	`DOUBLE`	`DROP`
`ELEMENT`	`END-EXEC`	`EQUALS`	`ESCAPE`
`EXCEPT`	`EXCEPTION`	`EXECUTE`	`EXIT`
`EXPAND`	`EXPANDING`	`FALSE`	`FIRST`
`FLOAT`	`FOR`	`FOREIGN`	`FREE`
`FROM`	`FUNCTION`	`FUSION`	`GENERAL`
`GET`	`GLOBAL`	`GOTO`	`GROUP`
`GROUPING`	`HANDLER`	`HASH`	`HOUR`
`IDENTITY`	`IF`	`IGNORE`	`IMMEDIATE`
`IN`	`INDICATOR`	`INITIALIZE`	`INITIALLY`
`INNER`	`INOUT`	`INPUT`	`INSERT`
`INT`	`INTEGER`	`INTERSECT`	`INTERSECTION`
`INTERVAL`	`INTO`	`IS`	`ISOLATION`
`ITERATE`	`JOIN`	`KEY`	`LANGUAGE`
`LARGE`	`LAST`	`LATERAL`	`LEADING`
`LEAVE`	`LEFT`	`LESS`	`LEVEL`
`LIKE`	`LIMIT`	`LOCAL`	`LOCALTIME`
`LOCALTIMESTAMP`	`LOCATOR`	`LOOP`	`MATCH`
`MEMBER`	`MEETS`	`MERGE`	`MINUTE`
`MODIFIES`	`MODIFY`	`MODULE`	`MONTH`
`MULTISET`	`NAMES`	`NATIONAL`	`NATURAL`
`NCHAR`	`NCLOB`	`NEW`	`NEXT`
`NO`	`NONE`	`NORMALIZE`	`NOT`
`NULL`	`NUMERIC`	`OBJECT`	`OF`
`OFF`	`OLD`	`ON`	`ONLY`
`OPEN`	`OPERATION`	`OPTION`	`OR`
`ORDER`	`ORDINALITY`	`OUT`	`OUTER`
`OUTPUT`	`PAD`	`PARAMETER`	`PARAMETERS`
`PARTIAL`	`PATH`	`PERIOD`	`POSTFIX`
`PRECEDES`	`PRECISION`	`PREFIX`	`PREORDER`
`PREPARE`	`PRESERVE`	`PRIMARY`	`PRIOR`
`PRIVILEGES`	`PROCEDURE`	`PUBLIC`	`READ`
`READS`	`REAL`	`RECURSIVE`	`REDO`
`REF`	`REFERENCES`	`REFERENCING`	`RELATIVE`
`REPEAT`	`RESIGNAL`	`RESTRICT`	`RESULT`
`RETURN`	`RETURNS`	`REVOKE`	`RIGHT`
`ROLE`	`ROLLBACK`	`ROLLUP`	`ROUTINE`
`ROW`	`ROWS`	`SAVEPOINT`	`SCHEMA`
`SCROLL`	`SEARCH`	`SECOND`	`SECTION`
`SELECT`	`SEQUENCE`	`SESSION`	`SESSION_USER`
`SET`	`SETS`	`SIGNAL`	`SIZE`
`SMALLINT`	`SPECIFIC`	`SPECIFICTYPE`	`SQL`
`SQLEXCEPTION`	`SQLSTATE`	`SQLWARNING`	`START`
`STATE`	`STATIC`	`STRUCTURE`	`SUBMULTISET`
`SUCCEEDS`	`SUM`	`SYSTEM_USER`	`TABLE`
`TABLESAMPLE`	`TEMPORARY`	`TERMINATE`	`THAN`
`THEN`	`TIME`	`TIMESTAMP`	`TIMEZONE_HOUR`
`TIMEZONE_MINUTE`	`TO`	`TRAILING`	`TRANSACTION`
`TRANSLATION`	`TREAT`	`TRIGGER`	`TRUE`
`UESCAPE`	`UNDER`	`UNDO`	`UNION`
`UNIQUE`	`UNKNOWN`	`UNTIL`	`UPDATE`
`USAGE`	`USER`	`USING`	`VALUE`
`VALUES`	`VARCHAR`	`VARIABLE`	`VARYING`
`VIEW`	`WHEN`	`WHENEVER`	`WHERE`
`WHILE`	`WITH`	`WRITE`	`YEAR`
`ZONE`

Table A.3. MySQL keywords

`ACCESSIBLE`	`ADD`	`ALL`	`ALTER`
`ANALYZE`	`AND`	`AS`	`ASC`
`ASENSITIVE`	`BEFORE`	`BETWEEN`	`BIGINT`
`BINARY`	`BLOB`	`BOTH`	`BY`
`CALL`	`CASCADE`	`CASE`	`CHANGE`
`CHAR`	`CHARACTER`	`CHECK`	`COLLATE`
`COLUMN`	`CONDITION`	`CONSTRAINT`	`CONTINUE`
`CONVERT`	`CREATE`	`CROSS`	`CURRENT_DATE`
`CURRENT_TIME`	`CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`	`CURRENT_USER`	`CURSOR`
`DATABASE`	`DATABASES`	`DAY_HOUR`	`DAY_MICROSECOND`
`DAY_MINUTE`	`DAY_SECOND`	`DEC`	`DECIMAL`
`DECLARE`	`DEFAULT`	`DELAYED`	`DELETE`
`DESC`	`DESCRIBE`	`DETERMINISTIC`	`DISTINCT`
`DISTINCTROW`	`DIV`	`DOUBLE`	`DROP`
`DUAL`	`EACH`	`ELSE`	`ELSEIF`
`ENCLOSED`	`ESCAPED`	`EXISTS`	`EXIT`
`EXPLAIN`	`FALSE`	`FETCH`	`FLOAT`
`FLOAT4`	`FLOAT8`	`FOR`	`FORCE`
`FOREIGN`	`FROM`	`FULLTEXT`	`GRANT`
`GROUP`	`HAVING`	`HIGH_PRIORITY`	`HOUR_MICROSECOND`
`HOUR_MINUTE`	`HOUR_SECOND`	`IF`	`IGNORE`
`IN`	`INDEX`	`INFILE`	`INNER`
`INOUT`	`INSENSITIVE`	`INSERT`	`INT`
`INT1`	`INT2`	`INT3`	`INT4`
`INT8`	`INTEGER`	`INTERVAL`	`INTO`
`IS`	`ITERATE`	`JOIN`	`KEY`
`KEYS`	`KILL`	`LEADING`	`LEAVE`
`LEFT`	`LIKE`	`LIMIT`	`LINEAR`
`LINES`	`LOAD`	`LOCALTIME`	`LOCALTIMESTAMP`
`LOCK`	`LONG`	`LONGBLOB`	`LONGTEXT`
`LOOP`	`LOW_PRIORITY`	`MASTER_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT`	`MATCH`
`MEDIUMBLOB`	`MEDIUMINT`	`MEDIUMTEXT`	`MIDDLEINT`
`MINUTE_MICROSECOND`	`MINUTE_SECOND`	`MOD`	`MODIFIES`
`NATURAL`	`NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG`	`NOT`	`NULL`
`NUMERIC`	`ON`	`OPTIMIZE`	`OPTION`
`OPTIONALLY`	`OR`	`ORDER`	`OUT`
`OUTER`	`OUTFILE`	`PRECISION`	`PRIMARY`
`PROCEDURE`	`PURGE`	`RANGE`	`READ`
`READ_ONLY`	`READ_WRITE`	`READS`	`REAL`
`REFERENCES`	`REGEXP`	`RELEASE`	`RENAME`
`REPEAT`	`REPLACE`	`REQUIRE`	`RESTRICT`
`RETURN`	`REVOKE`	`RIGHT`	`RLIKE`
`SCHEMA`	`SCHEMAS`	`SECOND_MICROSECOND`	`SELECT`
`SENSITIVE`	`SEPARATOR`	`SET`	`SHOW`
`SMALLINT`	`SPATIAL`	`SPECIFIC`	`SQL`
`SQL_BIG_RESULT`	`SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS`	`SQL_SMALL_RESULT`	`SQLEXCEPTION`
`SQLSTATE`	`SQLWARNING`	`SSL`	`STARTING`
`STRAIGHT_JOIN`	`TABLE`	`TERMINATED`	`THEN`
`TINYBLOB`	`TINYINT`	`TINYTEXT`	`TO`
`TRAILING`	`TRIGGER`	`TRUE`	`UNDO`
`UNION`	`UNIQUE`	`UNLOCK`	`UNSIGNED`
`UPDATE`	`USAGE`	`USE`	`USING`
`UTC_DATE`	`UTC_TIME`	`UTC_TIMESTAMP`	`VALUES`
`VARBINARY`	`VARCHAR`	`VARCHARACTER`	`VARYING`
`WHEN`	`WHERE`	`WHILE`	`WITH`
`WRITE`	`XOR`	`YEAR_MONTH`	`ZEROFILL`

Table A.4. Oracle keywords

`ACCESS`	`ADD`	`ALL`	`ALTER`
`AND`	`ANY`	`AS`	`ASC`
`AUDIT`	`BETWEEN`	`BY`	`CHAR`
`CHECK`	`CLUSTER`	`COLUMN`	`COMMENT`
`COMPRESS`	`CONNECT`	`CREATE`	`CURRENT`
`DATE`	`DECIMAL`	`DEFAULT`	`DELETE`
`DESC`	`DISTINCT`	`DROP`	`ELSE`
`EXCLUSIVE`	`EXISTS`	`FILE`	`FLOAT`
`FOR`	`FROM`	`GRANT`	`GROUP`
`HAVING`	`IDENTIFIED`	`IMMEDIATE`	`IN`
`INCREMENT`	`INDEX`	`INITIAL`	`INSERT`
`INTEGER`	`INTERSECT`	`INTO`	`IS`
`LEVEL`	`LIKE`	`LOCK`	`LONG`
`MAXEXTENTS`	`MINUS`	`MLSLABEL`	`MODE`
`MODIFY`	`NOAUDIT`	`NOCOMPRESS`	`NOT`
`NOWAIT`	`NULL`	`NUMBER`	`OF`
`OFFLINE`	`ON`	`ONLINE`	`OPTION`
`OR`	`ORDER`	`PCTFREE`	`PRIOR`
`PRIVILEGES`	`PUBLIC`	`RAW`	`RENAME`
`RESOURCE`	`REVOKE`	`ROW`	`ROWID`
`ROWNUM`	`ROWS`	`SELECT`	`SESSION`
`SET`	`SHARE`	`SIZE`	`SMALLINT`
`START`	`SUCCESSFUL`	`SYNONYM`	`SYSDATE`
`TABLE`	`THEN`	`TO`	`TRIGGER`
`UID`	`UNION`	`UNIQUE`	`UPDATE`
`USER`	`VALIDATE`	`VALUES`	`VARCHAR`

Table A.5. PostgreSQL keywords

`ABORT`	`ADD`	`ALL`	`ALLOCATE`
`ALTER`	`ANALYZE`	`AND`	`ANY`
`ARE`	`AS`	`ASC`	`ASSERTION`
`AT`	`AUTHORIZATION`	`AVG`	`BEGIN`
`BETWEEN`	`BINARY`	`BIT`	`BIT_LENGTH`
`BOTH`	`BY`	`CASCADE`	`CASCADED`
`CASE`	`CAST`	`CATALOG`	`CHAR`
`CHAR_LENGTH`	`CHARACTER`	`CHARACTER_LENGTH`	`CHECK`
`CLOSE`	`CLUSTER`	`COALESCE`	`COLLATE`
`COLLATION`	`COLUMN`	`COMMIT`	`CONNECT`
`CONNECTION`	`CONSTRAINT`	`CONTINUE`	`CONVERT`
`COPY`	`CORRESPONDING`	`COUNT`	`CREATE`
`CROSS`	`CURRENT`	`CURRENT_DATE`	`CURRENT_SESSION`
`CURRENT_TIME`	`CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`	`CURRENT_USER`	`CURSOR`
`DATE`	`DEALLOCATE`	`DEC`	`DECIMAL`
`DECLARE`	`DEFAULT`	`DELETE`	`DESC`
`DESCRIBE`	`DESCRIPTOR`	`DIAGNOSTICS`	`DISCONNECT`
`DISTINCT`	`DO`	`DOMAIN`	`DROP`
`ELSE`	`END`	`ESCAPE`	`EXCEPT`
`EXCEPTION`	`EXEC`	`EXECUTE`	`EXISTS`
`EXPLAIN`	`EXTEND`	`EXTERNAL`	`EXTRACT`
`FALSE`	`FETCH`	`FIRST`	`FLOAT`
`FOR`	`FOREIGN`	`FOUND`	`FROM`
`FULL`	`GET`	`GLOBAL`	`GO`
`GOTO`	`GRANT`	`GROUP`	`HAVING`
`IDENTITY`	`IN`	`INDICATOR`	`INNER`
`INPUT`	`INSERT`	`INTERSECT`	`INTERVAL`
`INTO`	`IS`	`JOIN`	`LAST`
`LEADING`	`LEFT`	`LIKE`	`LISTEN`
`LOAD`	`LOCAL`	`LOCK`	`LOWER`
`MAX`	`MIN`	`MODULE`	`MOVE`
`NAMES`	`NATIONAL`	`NATURAL`	`NCHAR`
`NEW`	`NO`	`NONE`	`NOT`
`NOTIFY`	`NULL`	`NULLIF`	`NUMERIC`
`OCTET_LENGTH`	`OFFSET`	`ON`	`OPEN`
`OR`	`ORDER`	`OUTER`	`OUTPUT`
`OVERLAPS`	`PARTIAL`	`POSITION`	`PRECISION`
`PREPARE`	`PRESERVE`	`PRIMARY`	`PRIVILEGES`
`PROCEDURE`	`PUBLIC`	`REFERENCES`	`RESET`
`REVOKE`	`RIGHT`	`ROLLBACK`	`ROWS`
`SCHEMA`	`SECTION`	`SELECT`	`SESSION`
`SESSION_USER`	`SET`	`SETOF`	`SHOW`
`SIZE`	`SOME`	`SQL`	`SQLCODE`
`SQLERROR`	`SQLSTATE`	`SUBSTRING`	`SUM`
`SYSTEM_USER`	`TABLE`	`TEMPORARY`	`THEN`
`TO`	`TRAILING`	`TRANSACTION`	`TRANSLATE`
`TRANSLATION`	`TRIM`	`TRUE`	`UNION`
`UNIQUE`	`UNKNOWN`	`UNLISTEN`	`UNTIL`
`UPDATE`	`UPPER`	`USAGE`	`USER`
`USING`	`VACUUM`	`VALUE`	`VALUES`
`VARCHAR`	`VARYING`	`VERBOSE`	`VIEW`
`WHEN`	`WHENEVER`	`WHERE`	`WITH`
`WORK`	`WRITE`

< b>Table A.6. SQL Server keywords

`ADD`	`ALL`	`ALTER`	`AND`
`ANY`	`AS`	`ASC`	`AUTHORIZATION`
`BACKUP`	`BEGIN`	`BETWEEN`	`BREAK`
`BROWSE`	`BULK`	`BY`	`CASCADE`
`CASE`	`CHECK`	`CHECKPOINT`	`CLOSE`
`CLUSTERED`	`COALESCE`	`COLLATE`	`COLUMN`
`COMMIT`	`COMPUTE`	`CONSTRAINT`	`CONTAINS`
`CONTAINSTABLE`	`CONTINUE`	`CONVERT`	`CREATE`
`CROSS`	`CURRENT`	`CURRENT_DATE`	`CURRENT_TIME`
`CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`	`CURRENT_USER`	`CURSOR`	`DATABASE`
`DBCC`	`DEALLOCATE`	`DECLARE`	`DEFAULT`
`DELETE`	`DENY`	`DESC`	`DISK`
`DISTINCT`	`DISTRIBUTED`	`DOUBLE`	`DROP`
`DUMP`	`ELSE`	`END`	`ERRLVL`
`ESCAPE`	`EXCEPT`	`EXEC`	`EXECUTE`
`EXISTS`	`EXIT`	`EXTERNAL`	`FETCH`
`FILE`	`FILLFACTOR`	`FOR`	`FOREIGN`
`FREETEXT`	`FREETEXTTABLE`	`FROM`	`FULL`
`FUNCTION`	`GOTO`	`GRANT`	`GROUP`
`HAVING`	`HOLDLOCK`	`IDENTITY`	`IDENTITY_INSERT`
`IDENTITYCOL`	`IF`	`IN`	`INDEX`
`INNER`	`INSERT`	`INTERSECT`	`INTO`
`IS`	`JOIN`	`KEY`	`KILL`
`LEFT`	`LIKE`	`LINENO`	`LOAD`
`NATIONAL`	`NOCHECK`	`NONCLUSTERED`	`NOT`
`NULL`	`NULLIF`	`OF`	`OFF`
`OFFSETS`	`ON`	`OPEN`	`OPENDATASOURCE`
`OPENQUERY`	`OPENROWSET`	`OPENXML`	`OPTION`
`OR`	`ORDER`	`OUTER`	`OVER`
`PERCENT`	`PIVOT`	`PLAN`	`PRECISION`
`PRIMARY`	`PRINT`	`PROC`	`PROCEDURE`
`PUBLIC`	`RAISERROR`	`READ`	`READTEXT`
`RECONFIGURE`	`REFERENCES`	`REPLICATION`	`RESTORE`
`RESTRICT`	`RETURN`	`REVERT`	`REVOKE`
`RIGHT`	`ROLLBACK`	`ROWCOUNT`	`ROWGUIDCOL`
`RULE`	`SAVE`	`SCHEMA`	`SECURITYAUDIT`
`SELECT`	`SESSION_USER`	`SET`	`SETUSER`
`SHUTDOWN`	`SOME`	`STATISTICS`	`SYSTEM_USER`
`TABLE`	`TABLESAMPLE`	`TEXTSIZE`	`THEN`
`TO`	`TOP`	`TRAN`	`TRANSACTION`
`TRIGGER` < /td>	`TRUNCATE`	`TSEQUAL`	`UNION`
`UNIQUE`	`UNPIVOT`	`UPDATE`	`UPDATETEXT`
`USE`	`USER`	`VALUES`	`VARYING`
`VIEW`	`WAITFOR`	`WHEN`	`WHERE`
`WHILE`	`WITH`	`WRITETEXT`

Shared and Platform-Specific Keywords: Appendix A - SQL in a Nutshell