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Weblog:   the DMCA protects search engine page caching, indexing, etc.? Not so fast.
Subject:   example of Google Print FUD
Date:   2005-11-10 09:01:14
From:   sid_steward
Here's an example of the misinformation I'm talking about, published by Lawrence Lessig. I'll simply quote my email to the author.


Hello-


Just read your Wired piece Google's Tough Call:
http://lookleap.com/wired.com/a4


You say:


"Indeed, their claims about Google represent the biggest landgrab in the history of the Internet, and if taken seriously, will chill a wide range of innovation. Because if the AAP is right, it's not Google Print that's illegal. The outlaw is Google itself - and Yahoo!, and MSN Search, and the Internet Archive, and every other technology that makes knowledge useful in a digital age."


"Think about Google's core business: It copies whatever content it finds on the Web and puts that content in an index. It doesn't ask the copyright owner first, though it does exclude content if asked. Thus, Google wants to do for books exactly what it has always done for the Web. Why should one be illegal and the other different?"


Which suggests that indexing the web is protected only by fair use. That if Google loses its fair use battle with print publishers, it will no longer be able to index the web.


However, the DMCA includes sections specifically intended to allow Google, Yahoo, etc. to index and cache online information.


Please see:
the DMCA protects search engine page caching, indexing, etc.
http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/wlg/8358


And:
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act
http://www.arl.org/info/frn/copy/band.html


You might also find this interesting:
copyright law lets libraries distribute Twilight Zone material in full
http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/wlg/8359


Cheers-


Sid

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  • Gordon Mohr photo example of Google Print FUD
    2005-11-10 16:38:07  Gordon Mohr | [View]

    As noted in my message yesterday, I believe you are misreading the relevant statute. Nothing in it allows Google to, on its own initiative, make copies of material it finds on the web. (The caching/transmission/storage clauses all provide only for immunity when the activity is triggered by others; the info-location-tool clause only applies to "referring or linking".)

    So why can Google retrieve those copies, index them, and in one form or another (the 'cache' or reverse-index) maintain 'copies' of the material? Fair use.

    - Gordon
    • Sid Steward photo apology
      2005-11-10 21:11:16  Sid Steward | O'Reilly Author [View]

      I emailed Lawrence Lessig again with this apology:

      Hello-

      One of my readers made me scrutinize the DMCA more closely, so I realized the case wasn't as clear-cut as I thought. I apologize for my rash words.

      Cheers-

      Sid
    • Sid Steward photo example of Google Print FUD
      2005-11-10 19:10:05  Sid Steward | O'Reilly Author [View]

      Thanks for the follow-up. Sorry for my late reply. Maybe you're right. Looking closely at the law, it doesn't offer clear-cut protection for services that crawl the web. But I think you could interpret the section on caching to apply to search engines.

      I didn't quote the text of the law, above, but rather a commentary. In hope of clarification, I followed the author's notes and looked up some of the material. Namely, section 512:
      http://lookleap.com/www4.law.cornell.edu/a1


      For example, the above commentary says about caching:

      This exemption applies to material (a) that is originally placed online by someone other than the OSP (the "Originator") and (b) that is transmitted from the Originator, through the OSP's system, to a third party at that third party's request.


      The related text of the law says:

      (1) Limitation on liability.— A service provider shall not be liable for monetary relief, or, except as provided in subsection (j), for injunctive or other equitable relief, for infringement of copyright by reason of the intermediate and temporary storage of material on a system or network controlled or operated by or for the service provider in a case in which—

      (A) the material is made available online by a person other than the service provider;

      (B) the material is transmitted from the person described in subparagraph (A) through the system or network to a person other than the person described in subparagraph (A) at the direction of that other person; and

      (C) the storage is carried out through an automatic technical process for the purpose of making the material available to users of the system or network who, after the material is transmitted as described in subparagraph (B), request access to the material from the person described in subparagraph (A),


      On first blush, both sound like the third party must request the material before it can be cached. I think that was the thrust of your argument. However, I believe they also apply in cases where the OSP caches the online content /before/ the third party requests it. In other words, the OSP could fetch the material from the publisher before the reader requests it. It would simply be part of its transmission.

      Any takers? ;-)


      However, the text of the law on caching prohibits altering the material (text not shown, here). So even if caching is okay, search engines would need another mechanism (such as fair use) to display excerpts of these pages to users.

      Sid

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