not this again: the vulgar form of 3NF definition -> all attributes are about the key, the whole key, and nothing but the key; so help me codd.

there are reasons why java enterprise developers are viewed as silly juveniles by real database designers (this is one of the best): surrogate keys defeat the whole purpose of a relational database, since such a PK does not meaningfully describe the row. both database theorists and practioners long ago figured out that surrogate keys (the term of art) are bad juju.

please read Date's book, and an applied book such as Elmasri/Navathe (any one will do). if this is "best", we're all in trouble. and we are.